Part 13 — Design the Recommender System
Author(s): Utkarsh Mittal Originally published on Towards AI. Part 13 — Design the Recommender System Part 12 — https://medium.com/p/75cf0a345156 The article explains how to design a production recommender system using a real end-to-end scenario and concrete latency, data, and training considerations. It …
The Best Engineers Stopped Writing Prompts: The 4 Layers That Replaced Prompt Engineering
Author(s): Chew Loong Nian – AI ENGINEER Originally published on Towards AI. The Best Engineers Stopped Writing Prompts: The 4 Layers That Replaced Prompt Engineering Boris Cherny built Claude Code. In June 2026 he said the quiet part out loud: “I don’t …
Your Language Model Cannot Say Certain Sentences. The Reason Is the Rank of a Matrix. Let Us Prove It With Tiny Numbers, By Hand.
Author(s): Dr Swarneendu AI Originally published on Towards AI. There are next-word predictions your model is mathematically forbidden from making. Not unlikely. Forbidden, the way a piano with too few keys cannot play a note that lies past its keyboard. The proof …
Every Python Concept a Generative AI Developer Actually Needs to Know
Author(s): DhanushKumar Originally published on Towards AI. Every Python Concept a Generative AI Developer Actually Needs to Know From async coroutines that power real-time LLM streaming, to memory tricks that let you process million-document datasets — the complete map, written for engineers …
Build a Hybrid RAG System with FAISS, BM25, LangGraph and Claude Sonnet Model
Author(s): Alpha Iterations Originally published on Towards AI. Build a Hybrid RAG System with FAISS, BM25, LangGraph and Claude Sonnet Model Combine semantic search and keyword search into one powerful document Q&A app using Claude Sonnet 4.6 API, step by step tutorial …
Loop Engineering: The Missing Governance Layer for Reliable AI Agents
Author(s): Mike Oller Originally published on Towards AI. credit Author: generated by GPT Image 2.0 Loop Engineering: The Missing Governance Layer for Reliable AI Agents By Mike Oller | AI Tool insider I’ve spent the last year building AI agents that do …
Google Paid $2.4B for Windsurf. Why Did Musk Pay $60B for Cursor?
Author(s): Abhinav Gupta Originally published on Towards AI. Two of the most-loved coding tools on earth got absorbed by mega-corps in twelve months. One by Google. One by SpaceX. #1 Start with Google. It paid $2.4 billion for Windsurf in July 2025 …
When a Sequence Is Not Enough: What Knowledge Graphs Add to Agentic Systems
Author(s): Tarun Agarwal Originally published on Towards AI. The series closer — and the failure that flat state can never fix. The vector store is a stub now. The article explains how agent architectures improve coordination step-by-step until they still fail when …
Vector Databases: 20 Scenario-Based Questions & Solutions (Part 1 of 2)
Author(s): Shahidullah Kawsar Originally published on Towards AI. AI Engineer Interview Preparation Let’s check your basic knowledge of Vector Databases. Here are 10 Q&A for your next interview. The rest of the article continues with scenario-based multiple-choice questions and explanations that cover …
MCP for LangGraph Developers: From Basics to Production
Author(s): Bessie Delight Kekeli Originally published on Towards AI. MCP for LangGraph Developers: From Basics to Production Part 6 of the LangGraph Mental Model series, a ground-up introduction to the Model Context Protocol, building toward full integration with everything from Parts 1–6 …
Build Your Own Cursor This Weekend. Yes, the One SpaceX Just Paid $60 Billion For.
Author(s): Yashraj Behera Originally published on Towards AI. Build Your Own Cursor This Weekend. Yes, the One SpaceX Just Paid $60 Billion For. Cursor’s in-house coding model did not come from nowhere. The company confirmed it started from an open-weight checkpoint anyone …
GEPA: How to Let an LLM Rewrite Its Own Prompts (and When It Actually Helps)
Author(s): Samarth Banodia Originally published on Towards AI. GEPA: How to Let an LLM Rewrite Its Own Prompts (and When It Actually Helps) Manual prompt engineering is a loop you know too well: write a prompt, run it on a few examples, …
![RAG from Scratch [Part 2]: Loading — The Step Everyone Skips and Everyone Regrets](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:700/1*bvoDhLCKjPxpcByl2X-2yw.png "RAG from Scratch [Part 2]: Loading — The Step Everyone Skips and Everyone Regrets")
RAG from Scratch [Part 2]: Loading — The Step Everyone Skips and Everyone Regrets
Author(s): Sumit Vedpathak Originally published on Towards AI. RAG from Scratch [Part 2]: Loading — The Step Everyone Skips and Everyone Regrets Series 2 of 5 The article argues that most RAG failures begin at the ingestion/loading stage rather than later steps …
A Startup Says It Cracked AI’s Decade-Old Math Limit — Its LLM Read 12M Tokens for $8
Author(s): Chew Loong Nian – AI ENGINEER Originally published on Towards AI. A Startup Says It Cracked AI's Decade-Old Math Limit — Its LLM Read 12M Tokens for $8 A Miami startup says it ran a long-context job that costs about $2,600 …
China Just Shipped Opus 4.8-Level Agentic Coding for One-Sixth the Price
Author(s): Caspar Bannink Originally published on Towards AI. China Just Shipped Opus 4.8-Level Agentic Coding for One-Sixth the Price China just struck again on the AI release curve. A new open-weights coding model from Moonshot AI (known for K2.6 and the K2 …
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