What Constrained Decoding Does That Prompting Never Can
Author(s): “The AI Engineer” Originally published on Towards AI. Subtitle You asked the model for JSON. You wrote “return valid JSON only” in capital letters. You added an example. You added a second example. For 99 calls out of 100, it worked. …
Why LLMs Predict Tokens Instead of Words
Author(s): “The AI Engineer” Originally published on Towards AI. Why LLMs Predict Tokens Instead of Words Here’s the friend link image created by GEMINIThe article explains that LLMs work on token units rather than words or characters, because word-level modeling requires an …
Why Your GPU’s Memory Ceiling Is the Best Cloud Cost Forecast You Have
Author(s): “The AI Engineer” Originally published on Towards AI. Every developer who has tried to run a 70B model on a single GPU has hit the same wall. The model looks fine on paper. The benchmarks look great. Then you load it …
Context Engineering vs Prompt Engineering: The Winner May Surprise AI Engineers
Author(s): “The AI Engineer” Originally published on Towards AI. Context Engineering vs Prompt Engineering: The Winner May Surprise AI Engineers created by GEMINI On June 25, 2025, Andrej Karpathy posted eleven words on X that quietly ended one era of AI engineering …
Every MCP Integration Has This Same Weak Point
Author(s): “The AI Engineer” Originally published on Towards AI. created by GEMINI A friend of mine — a backend engineer at a mid-size fintech startup — sent me a message last month that started with “so this is bad.” His team had …
Open-Source AI vs. Proprietary AI
Author(s): “The AI Engineer” Originally published on Towards AI. Open-Source AI vs. Proprietary AI The Real Battle Isn’t About Intelligence created by GEMINI Every few months, a new leaderboard resets the conversation. A model tops MMLU-Pro, or edges out a rival on …
The Interpretability Debt Nobody’s Budgeting For
Author(s): “The AI Engineer” Originally published on Towards AI. created by Gemini Twelve days from now, on August 2, 2026, the EU AI Act’s high-risk obligations become enforceable. Article 13 requires that providers design their systems so a human deployer can understand …
A2A Is the New API: What Agent-to-Agent Protocols Actually Solve
Author(s): “The AI Engineer” Originally published on Towards AI. A2A Is the New API: What Agent-to-Agent Protocols Actually Solve created by GEMINI For thirty years, the API was the contract. One system exposed a fixed set of endpoints, another system called them …
Agent AI Sprawl Nobody Owns
Author(s): “The AI Engineer” Originally published on Towards AI. Agent AI Sprawl Nobody Owns created by Gemini Your company has 37 AI agents right now. You can name maybe six of them. In April 2026, Gartner analyst Max Goss stood in front …
The Multimodal Lakehouse: Data Engineering’s Answer to AI’s Messiest Problem
Author(s): “The AI Engineer” Originally published on Towards AI. The Multimodal Lakehouse: Data Engineering’s Answer to AI’s Messiest Problem created by Gemini Table of Contents The Problem Nobody Budgeted For What a Multimodal Lakehouse Actually Is Why the Old Stack Broke Old …
Context Rot: Why Longer Windows Are Making Your AI Dumber, Not Smarter
Author(s): “The AI Engineer” Originally published on Towards AI. Context Rot: Why Longer Windows Are Making Your AI Dumber, Not Smarter The promise that didn’t quite deliver Two years ago, a 200,000-token context window felt like magic. Today it’s table stakes — …
Context Windows Are the New RAM: Memory Architecture for Agentic Systems
Author(s): “The AI Engineer” Originally published on Towards AI. Context Windows Are the New RAM: Memory Architecture for Agentic Systems There’s a quiet crisis happening inside every production AI agent right now. It isn’t hallucinations. It isn’t latency. It isn’t even cost …
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